wolff



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN F. VVOLFF, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF OF HIS RIGHT TO JACOB W. MOWER, OF SAME PLACE.

PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING GLUCOSE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 226,434, dated April 13, 1880.

' Application filed January 12, 1880.

To all whom it may concern: ation all the starch-granules are openedand Be it known that I, JOHN FERDINAND afine mash is produced. This mashing pro- WOLFF, of Chicago, in the county of Cook cess can be carried on in wooden vats of orand State of Illinois, have invented certain dinary size and construction With steam heatnew and useful Improvements in Processes of ing-coils, and the opening of the air-pipe 55 Manufacturing Glucose, of which the followshould be about an inch in diameter. The

ing is a specification. massis skimmed, and is then ready to be L Hitherto in all processes for manufacturing boiled with the acid.

glucose direct from corn or other starch-con- For every hundred pounds (100 lbs.)of mash 1o taining substance there has always been great I take two hundred pounds (200 lbs.) ofwater, 6o danger of coloring or burning the mass both and heat the water in a closed tank to 212 in the operations of mashing and boiling with Fahrenheit, which tank is provided with aheatacid, as each operation required along period ing steam-coil and with an agitator, and is of time. There has also been a tendency to connected to the air-pump or blower. To the decompose or sour during warm weather. It wateris then added the sulphuric acid, which, 65 has also been impossible to secure a complete for the purpose of producing a siru p not inconversion. tended to he crystallized, is in the proportion The object of my invention is to obviate of one pound (1 lb.) to every hundred pounds these defects, shortening the time of mashing (100 lbs.)of mash. The sulphuric acid,diluted and boiling, so as to lessen the danger of 001- in four times its quantity of water, is added in 70 oring or burning the material, overcoming the a small stream to the hot water. A small but tendencytodecomposeorsourbyamore perfect continuous current or stream of air is then working of the material, and securing the conturned on, the stirrers are started, and the mash version of alarger percentage of the material. is added in small quantities till the amount To accomplish this, my invention consists in desired has thus been put into the tank.

introducing into one or more, or preferably all, With a tank of fifteen hundred gallons the steps of mashing, boiling, and neutraliz- (1,500 gals.)capacity, in which athousand galing, currents of oxygen, which at present can Ions (1,000 gals.) of liquid can be worked, the most readily and cheaply be done by forcing mash should all be added within an hour and currents of air through the mass. ahalf'. While the mash is being added the To enable others skilled in the art to use liquid is kept constantly at the boiling-point, and practice my invention, I will now proceed and is continually agitated and supplied with to describe the manner of using it, taking as air, the small quantities of mash put in each a basis the ordinary method of manufacturing time permitting the temperature to be kept up 3 5 glucose, but noting particularly the times and to the point which will produce the quickest quantities best suited to my process. conversion of the mash.

L The corn, (or other starch-containing sub- After the mash has been added the liquid stance,) having first been reduced by milling is boiled for about three (3) hours more, it to the finest-possible flour, is mashed by addbeing agitated all the time, and the stream of 40 ing slowly to it three times its weight of water, air being constantly introduced into the center which is thoroughly incorporated with it by of the mass at its bottom. When, by testing, stirring. The mixture is then heated slowly it is ascertained that the starch has been conup to 60 Fahrenheit, at aboutnvhich heat it verted into sugar, the heating-steam is shut isretainedforfrom ten (10) to twelve (l2)hours, off from the tank, but the agitation and sup- 5 the mass being all the time agitated by stirply of air are continued. The acid is then 5 rers, and a current of air being constantly neutralized by adding to the liquid finely-powsupplied to the center of the bottom of the dered carbonizedlime,usingabout oneandonemass by means of a rotary air-pump or blower fourth pound (12} lb.) of lime to every pound b and a pipe leading therefrom to the center of of sulphuric acid in the liquid. The lime is 50 the bottom of the vat or tank. By this operadded in small quantities, (say a handful at a roo time,) and the last two pounds (2 lbs.) of lime may be mixed with warm water and added to the liquid in a milky state, the agitation and air-supply being continued throughout this operation. The liquid is then tested for acid, and if none is found this step of the process is completed. The tank in which this operation is performed can be made of hard wood with a cover, and provided with an agitator and a copper steamcoil, in the usual manner. The tank can be connected with the air-pump or blower by a lead pipe having an opening one-half of an inch large. The boiling being completed, the contents of the tank are allowed to settle for twenty-four (24) hours, when theliquoris drawn off through a woolen cloth. WVhat sediment remains in the tank is washed thoroughly, and this sugar-holding water may be used when the next lot of mash is boiled with acid. The final settlings can be dried and used for food or fuel. The liquor first drawn off is then boiled in copper evaporators with large heating-surfaces and connected with the air-pump or blower down to about 25 Baum, a small current of air being admitted all the time. To the liquor is then added the usual quantity of bone-black, and it is then boiled down to about Baum. After this the liquor is allowed to cool to about 145 Fahrenheit, which can be quickly accomplished by the continuous supply of air, and there is then added to it, for every one hundred gallons (100 gals.) ofliquid, two gallons (2 gals.) of fresh blood diluted in two gallons (2 gals.) of water. The liquor is then slowly heated up to theboiling-point and retained at that temperature for about ten (10) minutes. The air-current is then stopped and the black scum removed from the surface of the liquor, which is then drawn off into a tank for settlement, preferahly through a woolen cloth. This settling-tank should be quite high and have several faucets, so that as the small bodies of lime sink slowly to the bottom the now perfectly white, (waterwhite,) clear, and transparent substance can be drawn off at intervals for the final boiling.

The final boiling of the mass down to the required consistency is done, in the usual way, in a vacuum-pan, and the sirup is then passed over a cooler and conducted to the receivingtank, oris subjected to the well-known manipulations for making sugar. 7

To prepare a sirup especially for crystallizing into sugar I change the process slightly from that described. Four pounds (4tlbs.) of sulphuric acid (instead of onepound) are added for every hundred pounds (100 lbs.) of mash. After the mash is introduced into the boiling water and acid the whole mass is boiled for about five (5) hours, instead of three (3) hours, and the current of air is doubled during this boiling process. The liquor is then treated as before described until. the final boiling, when the liquor should be boiled down to Baum. After being cooled the mass is agitated, and the result-is a fine, white, and dry crystalline sugar.

The continuous air current used by me hastens the mashing of the flour and makes the disintegration of the starch-granules more complete and thorough. It quic'kens the conversion of the starch into sugar in the process of boiling and assists the neutralization of the acid. It increases the facility with which the liquor can be cooledduring the manipu1ations. It prevents through all the operations the coloring or burning of the liquor, and materially assists to make a purer 'and sweeter sirup, and one which can be crystallized into a dry sugar. If the mass is sufficiently light, the aircurrent alone will serve to agitate the same, and the stirrers can be dispensed with.

My process of introducing a continuous stream of atmospheric air into the liquor during the difierent steps ofmanufacturing glucose could also be utilized in the manufacture of malt liquors (beer and ale) made from cereals or starch-containing substances during the analogous operations of mashing, fermenting, and boiling, and the result would be a finer and lighter-colored product than heretofore.

I am thus enabled to obtain a glucose which is white,or nearly white, of great specific grav ity, and of a pure sweet taste, the yield from a given amount of material being increased.

What I claim is- As an improyement in the manufacture of glucose, the process of obtaining a white, or nearly white, product of great specific gravity, the yield from a given amount of material being increased, as set forth, which consists in forcing currents of atmospheric air through or into the mass of material during the process of manufacture, substantially as described.

JOHN FERDINAND VVOLFF.

\Vitnesses:

B10111). N. Dyna, ()LIVER W. MARBLE. 

